【sovereignty】“Sovereignty” is a fundamental concept in political science and international relations, referring to the authority of a state or entity to govern itself without external interference. It implies that a state has the ultimate power within its territory and is not subject to the control of another government or organization. The idea of sovereignty has evolved over time, influenced by historical events, legal frameworks, and geopolitical changes.
In modern times, sovereignty is often discussed in the context of national independence, territorial integrity, and the right of a state to make its own decisions. However, with globalization and the rise of international organizations, the traditional notion of absolute sovereignty has been challenged, leading to debates about shared sovereignty, supranational governance, and the balance between national interests and global cooperation.
Below is a summary of key aspects of sovereignty:
| Aspect | Description |
| Definition | The supreme authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. |
| Historical Context | Originated from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), which established the modern state system. |
| National Sovereignty | Refers to a nation's right to self-govern, including making laws and controlling borders. |
| International Law | Recognizes state sovereignty as a core principle, though it can be limited in some cases. |
| Challenges to Sovereignty | Globalization, international organizations, and transnational issues (e.g., climate change) challenge absolute sovereignty. |
| Shared or Cooperative Sovereignty | Emerging concept where states cooperate on certain matters while maintaining autonomy in others. |
| Criticisms | Some argue that strict sovereignty can hinder global cooperation and human rights protection. |
In conclusion, sovereignty remains a central pillar of the international order, but its interpretation and application continue to evolve in response to new global challenges and changing political landscapes.
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